Communication Difficulties

	communication difficulties
	Many sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) researchers have shown a problem with verbal acquisition skills, central auditory processing, and XXYs. The following information is by a psychiatrist who is also the executive editor of the United Kingdom Intersex Association (UKIA), Dr J. Hayes-Light, who can be contacted at: jhl@ukia.co.uk Auditory processing, is indeed the neurological interactions required to make sense of and order what we hear. Children with receptive language problems have difficulties with decoding information from the sounds they hear. However.... (and there always is a "however" in most things really). Some research has shown that in some cases of CAPD, there is an accompanying, elevated high-frequency hearing threshold. Central auditory disorders can occur in individuals with peripheral hearing loss or of limited cognitive ability. A CAPD can occur as a result of injury to or disease process in the central nervous system. It may be due to neuromaturational factors. This suggests that there may indeed be some auditory involvement as well as the neurological processing. Whatever the other problems they face, in-practice, children with CAPD will experience greater problems when the acoustic environment is less than ideal such as in an open classroom or when the signal is poor due to interference, intensity, or content. A major obstacle to early diagnosis is the fact that CAPD cannot usually be fully diagnosed until a child is around seven to eight years old. This doesn't mean that problems with auditory processing can't exist in a younger child, but the formal testing can't be done until the brain is more mature. However, basic screening tests are available for children as young as three years and a full CAP test battery can be administered to a child five years or older. The CAP test battery should not only measure hearing, but also should identify the presence or absence of CAPD. In other conditions, e.g. middle ear problems, such as otitis media (fluid in the middle ear), many of the behaviours described as typical of CAPD will be present. This can often lead to misdiagnosis of the root of the problem. the best professional discipline for assessing such problems is an audiologist working in-association with a child-behaviourist. Unfortunately, the initial assessment is often left to a general paediatrician, who really does not have the requisite skills. Top It should be remembered that 85-90% of children who have processing problems, have had a history of chronic middle ear infection. Of note is the fact that one month of hearing loss is equal to three months of auditory listening skill development. typical tests for children are: * SCAN - An auditory Processing Test * ACPT - A test to rule out attention problems * SSW - The Staggered Spondaic Word Test * PPT - Pitch Pattern Test * SAAT - Selective Auditory Attention Test Further Reading and Resources: Central Auditory Processing Disorders (CAPD) E-mail list Hearing and "listening" are interrelated but distinctly different skills. Individuals who have normal hearing but have difficulty with discriminating words, listening in background noise, trouble following ongoing conversation, and seem to have trouble paying attention when others are talking, may have a central auditory processing disorder (CAPD). This is a highly misunderstood disorder because the problem is not with hearing but with processes in the central nervous system that permit what is heard to be interpreted. This list welcomes comments and questions about this disorder which can affect both academic and social aspects of life. Top Internet Guide to Understanding CAPD is large CAPD only resource. It also includes a CAPD web-ring. A Central Auditory Processing Deficit Will Affect Learning Potential is an excellent 65k PDF article by R.N. Whitehead that explores various central auditory processes and the effect their dysfunction can have on the student. Diagnostic possibilities are explored and instruction aids are included. Back Top

communication difficulties

Many sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) researchers have shown a problem with verbal acquisition skills, central auditory processing, and XXYs.

The following information is by a psychiatrist who is also the executive editor of the United Kingdom Intersex Association (UKIA), Dr J. Hayes-Light, who can be contacted at: jhl@ukia.co.uk

Auditory processing, is indeed the neurological interactions required to make sense of and order what we hear. Children with receptive language problems have difficulties with decoding information from the sounds they hear. However.... (and there always is a "however" in most things really). Some research has shown that in some cases of CAPD, there is an accompanying, elevated high-frequency hearing threshold. Central auditory disorders can occur in individuals with peripheral hearing loss or of limited cognitive ability. A CAPD can occur as a result of injury to or disease process in the central nervous system. It may be due to neuromaturational factors. This suggests that there may indeed be some auditory involvement as well as the neurological processing. Whatever the other problems they face, in-practice, children with CAPD will experience greater problems when the acoustic environment is less than ideal such as in an open classroom or when the signal is poor due to interference, intensity, or content.

A major obstacle to early diagnosis is the fact that CAPD cannot usually be fully diagnosed until a child is around seven to eight years old. This doesn't mean that problems with auditory processing can't exist in a younger child, but the formal testing can't be done until the brain is more mature. However, basic screening tests are available for children as young as three years and a full CAP test battery can be administered to a child five years or older. The CAP test battery should not only measure hearing, but also should identify the presence or absence of CAPD. In other conditions, e.g. middle ear problems, such as otitis media (fluid in the middle ear), many of the behaviours described as typical of CAPD will be present. This can often lead to misdiagnosis of the root of the problem. the best professional discipline for assessing such problems is an audiologist working in-association with a child-behaviourist. Unfortunately, the initial assessment is often left to a general paediatrician, who really does not have the requisite skills.

Top

It should be remembered that 85-90% of children who have processing problems, have had a history of chronic middle ear infection. Of note is the fact that one month of hearing loss is equal to three months of auditory listening skill development.

typical tests for children are:

* SCAN - An auditory Processing Test
* ACPT - A test to rule out attention problems
* SSW - The Staggered Spondaic Word Test
* PPT - Pitch Pattern Test
* SAAT - Selective Auditory Attention Test

Further Reading and Resources:

Central Auditory Processing Disorders (CAPD) E-mail list
Hearing and "listening" are interrelated but distinctly different skills. Individuals who have normal hearing but have difficulty with discriminating words, listening in background noise, trouble following ongoing conversation, and seem to have trouble paying attention when others are talking, may have a central auditory processing disorder (CAPD). This is a highly misunderstood disorder because the problem is not with hearing but with processes in the central nervous system that permit what is heard to be interpreted. This list welcomes comments and questions about this disorder which can affect both academic and social aspects of life.

Top

Internet Guide to Understanding CAPD is large CAPD only resource. It also includes a CAPD web-ring.

A Central Auditory Processing Deficit Will Affect Learning Potential is an excellent 65k PDF article by R.N. Whitehead that explores various central auditory processes and the effect their dysfunction can have on the student. Diagnostic possibilities are explored and instruction aids are included.

Back

Top